Poland is threatening to veto any proposals on a new partnership between the EU and Russia covering energy, trade and human rights.
The Central European country demands that Moscow lifts a ban on Polish meat imports.
EU foreign ministers are set to meet in Brussels Monday to consider proposals to settle the issue.
They are hoping to reach agreement in time to launch negotiations at an EU summit with Russia's President Vladimir Putin on November 24.
However, Poland also wants Russia to commit to an international energy pact. The EU has been trying for years to get Russia to sign the Energy Charter Treaty without success.
Moscow supplies a quarter of the oil and gas consumed in the EU, and the proportion is set to rise sharply in coming decades.
Russian oil and gas companies have benefited from high fuel prices in recent years and have become keen to expand their businesses, BBC commented.