Bulgaria's economy will be struggling to survive another difficult year after stagnating for three successive years, analysts have warned.

Bulgaria's gross domestic product has marked an anemic growth of 0,4% (2010), 1,7% (2011) and 0,5% (2012) in the wake of the slump in the euro zone, but growth below 3% does not sustain the employment rate and is practically stagnation, according to experts' estimates.

Weak domestic demand and a pickup in exports kept Bulgaria's current account in surplus during the years right before the "big recession" erupted. The current account balance changed in 2009 and the term "surplus" is now a thing of the past. The deficit for just three years – from 2009 to 2011 – towered to BGN 5 B and judging by the government's forecasts the country's external balance will show a shortfall for seven years in a row.

Bulgaria's state budget accrued a budget deficit of BGN 128 M in the first eleven months of 2012. Even though it is below 3% of gross domestic product (between 1-2% or over BGN 1 B), experts have warned the country may be facing a vicious cycle. They point out that a number of European governments have been forced to revise their expectations after promising reducing the deficit.

Meanwhile credit rating agencies heaped praise on the government's strong track record of fiscal prudence; low and declining deficit and debt stock, despite subdued economic growth; and the country's strong medium-term growth prospects, particularly if they are backed by increased private investment; and improving absorption of EU funds.

They pointed out however that these strengths are partially offset by Bulgaria's relatively low GDP per capita, which is estimated at USD 6,900 in 2012; its high, albeit declining, external financing needs; and limited monetary flexibility owing to the country's currency board arrangement.

Standard & Poor's Ratings Services said in the middle of December it expects real GDP growth of about 1.7% in 2013 and an average of 2.0% from 2013-2015, supported by a recovery in both domestic and external demand.

The agency expects the current account deficit to remain close to balance in 2012, before slipping back into a deficit as domestic demand gradually recovers and the trade deficit widens over the next three years.

Financial developments in Bulgaria however will depend to a large extent on the developments outside the country and prospects may not be that promising.

Bulgaria is among the Central and Eastern European countries that are most vulnerable to the ongoing debt crisis, according to a report of international consultancy PricewaterhouseCoopers, issued at the end of September.

The report ranked Bulgaria as the fifth most vulnerable to the debt crisis from among the other CEE states, after Latvia, Slovenia, Belarus, and Hungary.